Abstract
Objective
To compare the ease of endoscopic duodenal intubation (EDI) in dogs during maintenance
of general anaesthesia with isoflurane or propofol infusion.
Study design
Prospective, randomized, partially blinded clinical trial.
Animals
A total of 22 dogs undergoing upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy to include EDI
were recruited.
Methods
Dogs were randomly assigned isoflurane (ISO; n = 10) or propofol (PROP; n = 11) for maintenance of general anaesthesia. Following anaesthetic premedication
with intramuscular medetomidine (0.005 mg kg–1) and butorphanol (0.2 mg kg–1), general anaesthesia was induced with propofol, to effect, maintained with 1.5%
(vaporizer setting) isoflurane in 100% oxygen or 0.2 mg kg–1 minute–1 propofol. The dose of both agents was adjusted to maintain general anaesthesia adequate
for the procedure. Degree of sedation 20 minutes post-anaesthetic premedication, propofol
induction dose, anaesthetist and endoscopist training grade, animal’s response to
endoscopy, presence of gastro-oesophageal and duodenal-gastric reflux, spontaneous
opening of the lower oesophageal and pyloric sphincters, antral movement and time
to achieve EDI were recorded. EDI was scored 1 (immediate entry with minimal manoeuvring)
to 4 (no entry after 120 seconds) by the endoscopist, blinded to the agent in use.
Data were tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk test) and differences between groups
analysed using independent t test, Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate.
Results
There were no significant differences between groups for EDI score [median (interquartile
range): 2 (3) ISO, 2 (3) PROP] or time to achieve EDI [mean ± standard deviation:
52.50 ± 107.00 seconds (ISO), 70.00 ± 196.00 seconds (PROP)]. Significantly more dogs
responded to passage of the endoscope into the oesophagus in group PROP compared with
group ISO (p = 0.01).
Conclusions and clinical relevance
Maintenance of general anaesthesia with either isoflurane or propofol did not affect
EDI score or time to achieve EDI.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 15, 2022
Accepted:
September 10,
2022
Received in revised form:
April 28,
2022
Received:
January 17,
2022
Identification
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© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia.
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