Abstract
Objective
To compare the dye distribution following either two lateral abdominal or one lateral
abdominal and one subcostal ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) injections
of a clinically relevant volume of dye solution in dogs.
Study design
Randomized cadaveric study.
Animals
A total of eight canine cadavers.
Methods
On one side of each cadaver, two TAP injections were performed on the lateral aspect
of the abdomen (approach LL), caudal to the last rib and cranial to the iliac crest.
On the contralateral hemiabdomen, one subcostal (caudal to the costal arch) and one
lateral abdominal injection (between last rib and iliac crest), were performed (approach
SL). Side allocation was randomly determined. A spinal needle was introduced in-plane
to the transducer for each injection of methylene blue (0.25 mL kg−1). All cadavers were dissected to assess dye distribution and number of stained target
nerves.
Results
All injections were performed in the TAP. The proportion of target nerve staining
was 53.5% versus 80.4% with approaches LL and SL, respectively (p = 0.005). Approach LL stained the first lumbar (L1) spinal nerve in 100% of injections
and ninth thoracic (T9), T10, T11, T12, T13 and L2 were stained in 0%, 0%, 37.5%,
62.5%, 87.5% and 87.5% of injections, respectively. Approach SL stained T11, L1 and
L2 in 100% of injections and T9, T10, T12 and T13 were stained in 37.5%, 87.5%, 75%
and 62.5% of injections, respectively. Approach SL resulted in greater staining of
nerves cranial to T12 compared with approach LL. The two approaches were equivalent
in staining nerves caudal to T12.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
Approach SL provided a broader distribution of the injected solution than approach
LL, which may result in a larger blocked area in live animals undergoing celiotomy.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: October 09, 2020
Accepted:
September 26,
2020
Received:
March 6,
2020
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
