Abstract
Objective
To determine the effect of intravenous vatinoxan administration on bradycardia, hypertension
and level of anaesthesia induced by medetomidine–tiletamine–zolazepam in red deer
(Cervus elaphus).
Study design and animals
A total of 10 healthy red deer were included in a randomised, controlled, experimental,
crossover study.
Methods
Deer were administered a combination of 0.1 mg kg–1 medetomidine hydrochloride and 2.5 mg kg–1 tiletamine–zolazepam intramuscularly, followed by 0.1 mg kg–1 vatinoxan hydrochloride or equivalent volume of saline intravenously (IV) 35 minutes
after anaesthetic induction. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP),
respiration rate (fR), end-tidal CO2 (Pe′CO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), rectal temperature (RT) and level of anaesthesia were assessed before saline/vatinoxan
administration (baseline) and at intervals for 25 minutes thereafter. Differences
within treatments (change from baseline) and between treatments were analysed with
linear mixed effect models (p < 0.05).
Results
Maximal (81 ± 10 beats minute–1) HR occurred 90 seconds after vatinoxan injection and remained significantly above
baseline (42 ± 4 beats minute–1) for 15 minutes. MAP significantly decreased from baseline (122 ± 10 mmHg) to a minimum
MAP of 83 ± 6 mmHg 60 seconds after vatinoxan and remained below baseline until end
of anaesthesia. HR remained unchanged from baseline (43 ± 5 beats minute–1) with the saline treatment, whereas MAP decreased significantly (112 ± 16 mmHg) from
baseline after 20 minutes. Pe′CO2, fR and SpO2 showed no significant differences between treatments, whereas RT decreased significantly
25 minutes after vatinoxan. Level of anaesthesia was not significantly influenced
by vatinoxan.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
Vatinoxan reversed hypertension and bradycardia induced by medetomidine without causing
hypotension or affecting the level of anaesthesia in red deer. However, the effect
on HR subsided 15 minutes after vatinoxan IV administration. Vatinoxan has the potential
to reduce anaesthetic side effects in non-domestic ruminants immobilised with medetomidine–tiletamine–zolazepam.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 29, 2020
Accepted:
October 22,
2019
Received:
May 2,
2019
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
