Abstract
Objective
To compare the propofol infusion rate and cardiopulmonary effects during total intravenous
anesthesia with propofol alone and propofol combined with methadone, fentanyl or nalbuphine
in domestic chickens undergoing ulna osteotomy.
Study design
Prospective, randomized, experiment trial.
Animals
A total of 59 healthy Hissex Brown chickens weighing 1.5 ± 0.2 kg.
Methods
Anesthesia was induced with propofol (9 mg kg–1) administered intravenously (IV) and maintained with propofol (1.2 mg kg–1 minute–1) for 30 minutes. Birds were intubated and supplemented with 100% oxygen through a
nonrebreathing circuit under spontaneous ventilation. Thereafter, each animal was
randomly assigned to one of four groups: group P, no treatment; group PM, methadone
(6 mg kg–1) intramuscularly (IM); group PN, nalbuphine IM (12.5 mg kg–1); and group PF, fentanyl IV (30 μg kg–1 loading dose, 30 μg kg–1 hour–1 constant rate infusion). During the osteotomy surgery, the propofol infusion rate
was adjusted to avoid movement of birds and provide adequate anesthesia. Pulse rate,
invasive blood pressure, respiratory frequency, end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure
(Pe′CO2) and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded.
Results
Data were available from 58 chickens. The mean ± standard deviation propofol infusion
rate (mg kg–1 minute–1) for the duration of anesthesia was: group P, 0.81 ± 0.15; group PM, 0.66 ± 0.11;
group PN, 0.60 ± 0.14; and group PF, 0.80 ± 0.07. Significant differences were P versus PM (p = 0.042), P versus PN (p = 0.002) and PF versus PN (p = 0.004). Pulse rate, blood pressure and SpO2 remained acceptable for anesthetized birds with minor differences among groups. Values
of Pe′CO2 >60 mmHg (8 kPa) were observed in all groups.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
Methadone and nalbuphine, but not fentanyl, decreased the propofol infusion rate required
for anesthesia maintenance, but resulted in no obvious benefit in physiological variables.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 18, 2020
Accepted:
January 25,
2020
Received:
July 11,
2019
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
