Abstract
Objective
To review monitors currently available for the assessment of nociception-antinociception
in veterinary medicine.
Databases used
PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The results were initially filtered manually
based on the title and the abstract.
Conclusions
The provision of adequate antinociception is difficult to achieve in veterinary anaesthesia.
Currently, heart rate and arterial blood pressure are used to monitor the response
to a noxious stimulus during anaesthesia, with minimum alveolar concentration-sparing
effect and stress-related hormones used for this purpose in research studies. However,
since none of these variables truly assess intraoperative nociception, several alternative
monitoring devices have been developed for use in humans. These nociceptive-antinociceptive
monitoring systems derive information from variables, such as electroencephalography,
parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) response, sympathetic nervous system response
and electromyography. Several of these monitoring systems have been investigated in
veterinary medicine, although few have been used to assess intraoperative nociception
in animals. There is controversy regarding their effectiveness and clinical use in
animals. A nociceptive-antinociceptive monitoring system based on the PNS response
has been developed for use in cats, dogs and horses. It uses the parasympathetic tone
activity index, which is believed to detect inadequate intraoperative nociception-antinociception
balance in veterinary anaesthesia. Nonetheless, there are limited published studies
to date, and cardiovascular variables remain the gold standard. Consequently, further
studies in this area are warranted.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 16, 2019
Accepted:
September 24,
2019
Received:
April 8,
2019
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
