Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the effects of ketamine continuous rate infusions (CRI) at two dose rates
on cardiovascular function and serum creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and troponin
I in healthy conscious dogs.
Study design
Experimental, prospective, crossover, randomized, blinded study.
Animals
Eight adult mixed-breed dogs, aged 6±1 years and weighing 19±8.6 kg (mean±standard deviation).
Methods
Dogs were administered an intravenous bolus of ketamine (0.5 mg kg−1) followed by a ketamine CRI for 12 hours (20 μg kg−1 minute−1; treatment TC20 or 40 μg kg−1 minute−1; treatment TC40). Sedation, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), electrocardiographic
and echocardiographic parameters were evaluated at baseline (T0) and 1 (T1), 2 (T2),
4 (T4), 8 (T8), 12 (T12) and 24 (T24) hours after ketamine infusion started. Serum
concentrations of CK-MB and troponin I were measured at baseline and 12, 24 and 48
hours after infusion started.
Results
HR increased over the first 4 hours, significantly at T1 in TC20 and at T4 in TC40
when compared with T0 (p < 0.05). MAP was significantly increased at T2 in TC40 when compared with TC20. Behavioral
changes, such as stereotypical head movements and twitches, occurred within 4 hours
in TC40. There were no significant changes in echocardiographic examinations in any
dog when compared with baseline. There were no temporal changes in serum CK-MB activity
either within or between treatments (p > 0.05). No troponin I was detected in any sample.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
No indication of myocardial injury resulting from ketamine infusion was detected in
this study in healthy dogs. Further studies are needed to assess the ketamine infusion
effects on antinociception and other organ function not evaluated in the present study.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 18, 2017
Accepted:
October 13,
2017
Received:
October 5,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia.
