Abstract
Objective
To investigate physiological and antinociceptive effects of electroacupuncture (EA)
with lidocaine epidural nerve block in goats.
Study design
Prospective experimental trial.
Animals
Forty-eight hybrid male goats weighing 27 ± 2 kg.
Methods
The goats were randomly assigned to six groups: L2.2, epidural lidocaine (2.2 mg kg−1); L4.4, epidural lidocaine (4.4 mg kg−1); EA; EA-L1.1, EA with epidural lidocaine (1.1 mg kg−1); EA-L2.2, EA with epidural lidocaine (2.2 mg kg−1); and EA-L4.4, EA with epidural lidocaine (4.4 mg kg−1). EA was administered for 120 minutes. Epidural lidocaine was administered 25 minutes
after EA started. Nociceptive thresholds of flank and thigh regions, abdominal muscle
tone, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (fR) and rectal temperature were recorded at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes.
Results
Lidocaine dose-dependently increased nociceptive thresholds. There were no differences
in nociceptive thresholds between L4.4 and EA from 30 to 120 minutes. The threshold
in EA-L2.2 was lower than in EA-L4.4 from 30 to 120 minutes, but higher than in EA-L1.1
from 30 to 150 minutes or in L4.4 from 30 to 180 minutes. The abdominal muscle tone
in EA-L2.2 was higher at 30 minutes, but lower at 90 and 120 minutes than at 0 minutes.
There were no differences in muscle tone between L4.4 and L2.2 or EA-L4.4, and between
any two of the three EA-lidocaine groups from 0 to 180 minutes. The fR and HR decreased in L4.4 at 60 and 90 minutes compared with 0 minutes. No differences
in fR, HR, MAP and temperature among the groups occurred from 30 to 180 minutes.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
EA combined with 2.2 mg kg−1 epidural lidocaine provides better antinociceptive effect than 4.4 mg kg−1 epidural lidocaine alone in goats. EA provided antinociception and allowed a decrease
in epidural lidocaine dose.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 14, 2017
Accepted:
October 14,
2016
Received:
December 2,
2015
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
