Abstract
Objective
To test the hypothesis that subarachnoid administration of buprenorphine and lidocaine
provides more intense and longer lasting perioperative analgesia with less side effects
than xylazine and lidocaine in goats.
Study design
Randomized, blinded, controlled study.
Study animals Ten healthy female goats randomly assigned to two groups of five animals each.
Methods
After sedation with acepromazine (0.1 mg kg−1) intravenously (IV), lidocaine 2% (0.1 mL kg−1) combined with either xylazine (0.05 mg kg−1; Group X) or buprenorphine (0.005 mg kg−1; Group B) were injected intrathecally at the lumbo-sacral junction prior to stifle
surgery. Electrocardiogram, heart rate, direct systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial
blood pressures, rectal temperature and arterial blood gases were recorded as were
post-operative sedation and pain scores using a visual analogue and numeric rating
scale, respectively. Data were analyzed with one-way anova for repeated measures, one-way anova, Friedman's and Kruskal–Wallis tests as necessary (p< 0.05).
Results
Surgery was successfully performed under both analgesia protocols. Total pain and
sedation scores were significantly lower in the B as compared with X group from 3–24
hours and 30–120 minutes, respectively after subarachnoid drug administration (SDA).
Heart rate and arterial blood pressures decreased post SDA and were consistently lower
in X versus B (p< 0.05). In B arterial blood gas parameters did not change post SDA, but in group
X PaCO2 increased slightly within 15 minutes of SDA and remained elevated for at least 3
hours (p< 0.05).
Conclusion
In these goats intrathecal administration of buprenorphine and lidocaine produced
more profound and longer lasting analgesia with less sedation and hemodynamic and
respiratory impairment than xylazine with lidocaine.
Clinical relevance
In these goats undergoing hind limb surgery, subarachnoid buprenorphine/lidocaine
offered more intense and longer lasting analgesia than a xylazine/lidocaine combination,
with less sedation and impairment of cardiopulmonary function.
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
December 4,
2008
Received:
May 12,
2008
Identification
Copyright
© 2009 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
