Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the cardiopulmonary changes induced by intravenous butorphanol administration
in guineafowl anesthetized with sevoflurane.
Study design
Prospective experimental trial.
Animals
Eight adult guineafowl (Numida meleagris) weighing 1.61 ± 0.49 kg were used for the study.
Methods
Birds were anesthetized with sevoflurane and allowed to breathe spontaneously. After
endotracheal intubation, end-tidal sevoflurane was adjusted to 1.0 individual sevoflurane
MAC that was previously determined in triplicate using a standard bracketing technique.
The brachial artery was catheterized for direct pressure measurement and blood sampling.
Heart rate and rhythm were monitored by electrocardiography and respiratory rate was
recorded. Baseline data were recorded 30 minutes after induction. Then, end-tidal
sevoflurane was adjusted to 0.8 individual MAC and after 15 minutes physiologic variables
were measured again. Subsequently, butorphanol (4 mg kg−1) was administered intravenously over 10 seconds and physiologic responses were recorded
at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 45 minutes after administration.
Results
Butorphanol administration was associated with arrhythmias in all birds, including
second-degree atrioventricular block, sinus arrest, ventricular and supraventricular
tachycardia and ventricular premature complexes. Heart rate and arterial blood pressures
decreased significantly 1 minute after butorphanol administration. Two birds developed
severe hypotension, apnea and ventricular fibrillation 5 minutes after administration,
and one died.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
The butorphanol dose (4 mg kg−1) that produces clinically relevant sevoflurane MAC reduction in guineafowl caused
severe adverse cardiopulmonary effects in two birds and was considered unsafe under
the conditions used in this study.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
August 13,
2013
Received:
June 25,
2012
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
