Abstract
Objective
To compare the effects of lidocaine, levobupivacaine, or ropivacaine on the onset
time and duration of anesthesia of the flank of ewes, using the distal paravertebral
thoracolumbar approach.
Study design
Randomized experimental study.
Animals
Twenty‐six healthy mixed‐breed ewes (46 ± 3.1 kg).
Methods
Thoracolumbar paravertebral nerve blocks were performed using the distal approach
in sheep for ruminal fistulation. The 13th thoracic (T13), first lumbar (L1) and second
lumbar (L2) nerves were infiltrated with 2% lidocaine (group GLI, n = 9), 0.5% levobupivacaine (group GLE, n = 8) or 0.5% ropivacaine (group GRO, n = 9); 1.5 mL on the dorsal branch and 2.5 mL on the ventral branch, total volume
of 12 mL per ewe. Anesthesia onset time and duration were assessed by application
of superficial and deep pin pricks, and skin clamping with a hemostat. Heart rate,
respiratory rate, rectal temperature and systemic arterial pressures were recorded
prior to nerve block (T0), after the anesthetic agent injection and onset time (T1)
and predetermined time points during the surgical procedure (T2–T6).
Results
Incomplete nerve blocks were present in five of the 26 ewes enrolled in the study
and they were not included in the statistical analyzes. Onset times in GLI, GLE and
GRO were 1.5 ± 0.5, 3.1 ± 1.5 and 2.1 ± 0.8 minutes, respectively, with GLE significantly
longer than GLI. The durations of anesthesia for GLI, GLE and GRO were 80 ± 27, 649 ± 68
and 590 ± 40 minutes, respectively, with the duration of GLI significantly shorter
than GLE and GRO. There were no clinically important changes in cardiopulmonary variables.
Conclusion and clinical relevance
Administration of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine at the distal paravertebral site
to block nerves T13, L1 and L2 produced a longer duration of anesthesia of the ewe's
flanks compared with lidocaine.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
December 16,
2015
Received:
July 14,
2015
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
