Abstract
Objective
Intraperitoneal (IP) bupivacaine provides postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing
ovariohysterectomy (OHE) alone or in combination with incisional (INC) bupivacaine.
This study investigated whether the combination of INC and IP bupivacaine is superior
to IP bupivacaine alone.
Study design
Prospective, randomized, blinded clinical study.
Animals
Thirty-nine privately owned dogs undergoing OHE, aged 25 ± 23 months and weighing
11.8 ± 5.7 kg.
Methods
Dogs were premedicated with acepromazine (0.05 mg kg−1) and morphine (0.5 mg kg−1) intramuscularly (IM); anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with
isoflurane in oxygen. Carprofen (4 mg kg−1) was administered subcutaneously (SC) after intubation. Bupivacaine (3 mg kg−1) IP was administered before complete closure of the linea alba to all dogs. Dogs
were randomly assigned into two groups: group B received bupivacaine (n = 20; 1 mg kg−1) and group S received saline (n = 19; 0.2 mL kg−1) INC as a subcutaneous ‘splash’ before skin closure. Postoperative analgesia was
assessed with a dynamic interactive visual analogue scale, the short form of the Glasgow
Composite Pain Scale, and mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) measurement at 0.5,
1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 20 hours after surgery by one blinded observer. Parametric data
were tested using t-test; nonparametric data were analysed using the two-sample Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05).
Results
There was no significant difference between groups with regard to age, weight, surgical
and anaesthetic duration, incision length, sedation and pain scores. MNT values decreased
in both groups at all time points as compared with the baseline. No dog required rescue
analgesia. No postoperative complications were observed.
Conclusion and clinical relevance
Bupivacaine IP and carprofen SC after morphine IM did provide satisfactory postoperative
analgesia in dogs undergoing OHE with the anaesthetic protocol used. There appears
to be no clinical advantage to adding bupivacaine INC. Neither protocol could prevent
the development of primary hyperalgesia.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
June 10,
2015
Received:
February 25,
2015
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
